Types of Sherry
To know what Sherry wine is you have to understand what a fortified wine is. To transform a regular wine into a fortified wine grape spirits or Brandy is added to the fermenting juice to stop sugars at a certain point from converting to alcohol. Sherry is one of those wines where grape spirits is added to stop this process. After the Sherry achieves its proper alcohol levels it is tested for quality and separated into two types of Sherry: Fino and Oloroso. Each of these types of Sherry have further classifications.
Sherries are made from only three grapes each of which impart a Sherry’s unique qualities. The Palomino grape is used as the base wine for all types of Sherry, Pedro Ximenez is used for its sweet flavors and Moscatel is used as a coloring agent and gives Sherry its golden to dark amber colors. From there the juice is tasted by professional tasters to determine the quality of the Sherry. The best juice is selected fo Fino Sherry and the rest goes to make Olorosos.
The best of the best juice is made into Fino Sherry and is made exclusively from Palomino grapes. The process involved in fermentation, the affect of yeasts on the juice delivers the nutty qualities to the Sherry. Controlled oxidation is another factor determining a Fino’s characteristics: a taste similar to roasted almonds.
An almost subcategory of Fino Sherry is Manzanilla Sherry. The S. Beticus yeast, native to the Sanlcar de Barrameda region, imparts a salty nuttiness due to its proximity to the ocean air. Manzanillas are given open exposure to the air in order to achieve proper maturation. This exposure ranges from short periods to moderate time in the sun and imparts a light to medium gold color.
The final Fino types of Sherry are the Amontillado Sherries. Almost in a category by itself Amontillado Sherry sees direct exposure to the air and sun for extended periods of time. This darkens the juice and concentrates flavors to the maderized character of roasted hazelnuts. Sun-dried Palomino grapes are sometimes used as a sweetening agent while pure sugar can be used in other instances.
Free-run juice is separated from the pressed juice to make Finos, the pressed juice is used for Oloroso production. These are still terrific Sherries all in themselves and should not be seen as inferior.
Olorosos are directly exposed to oxygen to mature. The open exposure in turn ages the Oloroso faster making it a bit rougher on the palate than a smooth Fino. The dark brown coloring it achieves from being baked in the sun imparts a higher alcohol level, fuller body and more intense aromas with flavors of toasted pecans.
One of the rarest types of Sherry avaibale is the Palo-Cortado. It has the aroma of an Amontillado without any of the yeast contact associated with Amontillado. And it tastes like and has the appearance of an Oloroso. Somewhere between the Fino and Oloroso styles, the volatile physiology of Palo-Cortado causes it to quickly degenerate into a full-blown Oloroso.






























































